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Thyroid Cancer

Teal, pink, and purple Thyroid Cancer awareness ribbon labeled Thyroid Cancer

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Thyroid Cancer signs, follow-up guidance, risk factors, testing information, and trusted cancer resources from PINC Foundation.

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Most thyroid nodules are not cancer. A new neck lump, persistent hoarseness, or swallowing change should still be evaluated. Thyroid cancer can occur in adolescents and young adults and is more common in women. Outcomes are often excellent, but age should not be used to dismiss a persistent neck lump.
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• Radiation exposure to the head or neck, especially in childhood • Family history of thyroid cancer • Inherited syndromes such as MEN2 or familial medullary thyroid cancer • Female sex and certain thyroid conditions • Most thyroid nodules are benign
• Radiation exposure to the head or neck, especially in childhood • Family history of thyroid cancer • Inherited syndromes such as MEN2 or familial medullary thyroid cancer • Female sex and certain thyroid conditions • Most thyroid nodules are benign
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• A new lump or swelling in the front of the neck • A neck mass that grows or feels firm • Persistent hoarseness or voice change • Trouble swallowing or breathing • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck Arrange a visit for a new or enlarging neck lump or persistent voice/swallowing change. Breathing difficulty or rapidly increasing neck swelling needs urgent care.
• A new lump or swelling in the front of the neck • A neck mass that grows or feels firm • Persistent hoarseness or voice change • Trouble swallowing or breathing • Swollen lymph nodes in the neck Arrange a visit for a new or enlarging neck lump or persistent voice/swallowing change. Breathing difficulty or rapidly increasing neck swelling needs urgent care.
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Routine thyroid ultrasound screening is not recommended for average-risk people without symptoms because it can find small cancers that may never cause harm. High-risk families may need specialist surveillance. • Neck and thyroid examination • Thyroid blood tests • Thyroid and neck ultrasound • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for nodules that meet criteria • Molecular or genetic testing in selected cases
Routine thyroid ultrasound screening is not recommended for average-risk people without symptoms because it can find small cancers that may never cause harm. High-risk families may need specialist surveillance. • Neck and thyroid examination • Thyroid blood tests • Thyroid and neck ultrasound • Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for nodules that meet criteria • Molecular or genetic testing in selected cases
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• Does this nodule need ultrasound or biopsy? • What ultrasound features and size guide follow-up? • Could my family history require genetic testing? • When should the nodule be rechecked if biopsy is not needed?
• Does this nodule need ultrasound or biopsy? • What ultrasound features and size guide follow-up? • Could my family history require genetic testing? • When should the nodule be rechecked if biopsy is not needed?
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer.html
https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/thyroid-cancer.html
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